Los términos corpus rubrum, corpus luteum y corpus albicans en terminologia anatomica del ovario / The terms rubrum, luteum and albicans in terminologia anatomica of the ovary

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo fue revisar la etimología de los términos Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans, identificar si la forma de nombrarlos en las diferentes nóminas y terminologías internacionales están acorde a las sugerencias de la FIPAT y, analizar y reflexionar respecto de la pertinencia de estos términos en la Terminologia Anatomica. Se buscó en primer lugar el significado de las raíces latinas de los términos: Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans, en el Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua, última actualización; en el Diccionario Términos Médicos de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina en España y en el Diccionario Vox, Español Latín. Indagamos en la historia para conocer desde cuando se utilizan estos términos, así como la revisión de las diferentes nomenclaturas, nóminas y terminologías anatómicas, histológicas y embriológicas, desde 1955 hasta la fecha. La búsqueda reportó que estos adjetivos latinos deberían traducirse al español de la siguiente manera: rubrum como rojo; luteum como amarillo y albicans como albicante que significa blanquear, por lo que la traducción correcta debiera ser: Cuerpo rojo, Cuerpo amarillo y Cuerpo albicante o blanco del ovario, estructuras transitorias y funcionales. Los términos Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum y Corpus albicans que identifican estructuras del ovario en Terminologia Anatomica y Terminologia Histologica deberían ser revisados, puesto que son estructuras transitorias y su nombre sólo indica el color que adquieren en el momento funcional y es referente a los cambios que presenta la misma estructura.

SUMMARY: The aim of this article was to review the etymology of the terms Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans, to identify if the way of naming them in the different lists and international terminologies are in accordance with the FIPAT suggestions and to analyze and reflect on the relevance of these terms in the Terminologia Anatomica. Firstly, the meaning of the Latin roots of the terms: Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans were searched in the dictionaries: of the Royal Academy of Language, latest update; of the Medical Terms of the Royal National Academy of Medicine in Spain; in the Vox dictionary, Spanish Latin. Then we investigate the history to know since when these terms are used, as well as the review of the different anatomical, histological and embryological lists and terminologies from 1955 to date. The search reported that these Latin adjectives should be translated as follows: rubrum as red; luteum as yellow and albicans as albicante which means to whiten, therefore, the correct translation should be: Red body, Yellow body and Albicans or white body of the ovary, they are also transitory and functional structures. The terms Corpus rubrum, Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans that identify ovarian structures in the Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Histologica should be reviewed since they are transitory structures and their name only indicates the color they acquire at the functional moment and refers to the changes that the same structure presents.

Corpus luteum rupture mimicking acute appendicitis

Acute abdomen is a common presentation in women in the reproductive age. It may be caused by diverse conditions. The case below presented with classical signs and symptoms of appendicitis. Haemoperitoneum seen at laparotomy suggested a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy .The diagnosis of ruptured corpus luteum cyst (RCLC) was made only after histology. The symptoms, signs and diagnosis of RCLC are discussed. The case highlights the need for circumspection in the diagnosis of the cause of acute abdomen. The current trend favours conservative management of RCLC thus the need for a high index of suspicion is emphasized to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Grado de desarrollo del folículo preovulatorio y su relación con el tamaño del cuerpo lúteo y la producción de progesterona en las razas Romosinuano (RS) y Brahman (Br) / Degree of development of the preovulatory follicle and its relationship with corpus luteum size and progesterone production in the Romosinuano (RS) and Brahman (Br) breeds

RESUMEN Para comparar en los folículos preovulatorios de hembras bovinas de las razas Brahman (Br) y Romosinuano (RS) el desarrollo de los diferentes componentes foliculares, como el tamaño del antro folicular, el grosor y el volumen ocupado por la capa de células de la granulosa (CG) y de la teca interna (TI), y su posible relación con el desarrollo del cuerpo lúteo (CL) y la producción de progesterona P4, se utilizaron 5 hembras de la raza RS y 5 de la raza Br. A estas se les realizó seguimiento ecográfico durante 2 ciclos estrales y se les efectuó muestreo de suero sanguíneo para determinar por Elisa los niveles de P4. En el tercer estro se les extirpó el ovario que contenía el folículo preovulatorio y se realizó un corte diametral sobre el estigma del folículo para seccionarlo en 2 partes iguales. En una de las partes se hicieron cortes histológicos y se determinó la morfometría folicular. La duración del ciclo estral en las hembras de la raza Br osciló entre 18 y 21 días, con promedio de 19,9 ± 1,6 días, y en las vacas RS entre 18 y 24 días, con un promedio 21,2 ± 1,69 días. La duración del estro fue de 13,9 ± 6,98 y 9,60 ± 4,72 h para las razas RS y Br, respectivamente. El intervalo estro-ovulación fue de 21,20 ± 5,07 h para los animales de la raza Br y de 24,40 ± 6,43 para los RS. No se registraron diferencias entre razas ni en el grosor (RS: 55,12 ± 6,46 μm vs. Br: 49,48 ± 17,07 μm), p > 0,05, tampoco en el volumen ocupado por la capa de CG (RS: 27,93 ± 6,11 mm1 vs. Br: 25,40 ± 13,85 mm3) de los folículos preovulatorios p < 0,05, en el grosor (RS: 122,50 ± 20,53 μm vs. Br: 129,61 ± 84,85 μm) o en el volumen (RS: 64,97 ± 19,71 mm1 vs. Br: 59,83 ± 25,67 mm3) de las células de la TI. El máximo desarrollo de los CL para la totalidad de las hembras se alcanzó el día 12,6 ± 4,05 (día 0 = estro), con un diámetro promedio de 22,92 ± 3,60 mm. Para las de la raza RS el diámetro máximo fue 23,06 ± 3,9 mm y se observó en promedio el día 14,88 ± 3,4. Para las de la raza Br fue el día 10,00 ± 3,16 con un promedio de 22,75 ± 3,16 mm. En ese día, la concentración media de P4 fue de 5,37 ± 1,38 ng/ml para la raza RS y 5,74 ± 0,89 ng/ml para la raza Br. No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre razas (p > 0,05). Se concluyó que no existen diferencias en los eventos fisiológicos estudiados entre las razas RS y Br. Los hallazgos del presente estudio, sin duda, pueden servir de base para futuros análisis en los bovinos residentes en el trópico.

ABSTRACT To compare in the preovulatory follicles of bovine females of the Brahman (Br) and Romosinuano (RS) breeds the development of the different follicular components, such as the size of the follicular antrum, the thickness and volume occupied by the granulosa (CG) and theca interna cells (TI) layers and their possible relationships with the development of the corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone (P4) production, 5 RS and 5 Br females were used; ultrasound follow-up was performed during 2 estrous cycles and blood serum sampling was carried out to determine progesterone (P4) levels by Elisa, at the third estrus, the ovary containing the preovulatory follicle was removed, and a diametral cut was made on the stigma of the follicle to divide it into 2 equal parts. Histological sections were made of one of the parts and follicular morphometry was determined. Duration of the estrous cycle in Br females ranged between 18 and 21 days, with an average of 19,9 ± 1,6 days and between 18 and 24 with an average of 21,2 ± 1,69 days for RS cows. Estrus duration was 13,9 ± 6,98 and 9,60 ± 4,72 h for RS and Br breeds, respectively. The estrus-ovulation interval was 21,20 ± 5,07 h for the Br breed animals and 24,40 ± 6,43 RS. There were no differences between breeds or in thickness (RS: 55,12 ± 6,46 μm vs. Br: 49,48 ± 17,07 μm) p > 0,05, nor in the volume occupied by the granulosa cells layer (RS: 27,93 ± 6,11 mm3 vs. Br: 25,40 ± 13,85 mm3) of pre-ovulatory follicles; neither in the thickness (RS: 122,50 ± 20,53 vs. Br: 129,61 ± 84,85 μm) nor in the volume (RS: 64,97 ± 19,71 mm3 vs. Br: 59,83 ± 25,67 mm3) of the internal theca cells; p < 0,05. The maximum CL development for all the females was observed on day 12,6 ± 4,05 (day 0 = estrus), with an average diameter of 22,92 ± 3,60 mm. For those of the RS breed the maximum diameter was observed on average on day 14,88 ± 3,4, with 23,06 ± 3,9 mm, while for those of the Br breed it was day 10,00 ± 3,16 with an average diameter of 22,75 ± 3,16 mm; at this time the mean progesterone concentration was 5,37 ± 1,38 ng/ml for the RS breed and 5,74 ± 0,89 ng/ml for the Br breed. There were no significant differences between breeds (p-value: 0,5561). It was concluded that there are no differences in the physiological events studied between the studied breeds. Present results, undoubtedly, might serve as basis to future studies in bovines in tropical zones.

Evaluation of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) expression in blood neutrophils in beef cattle poisoned by Senecio spp / Avaliação da expressão do gene estimulado por interferon 15 (ISG15) em neutrófilos sanguíneos em bovinos de corte intoxicados por Senecio spp

This study aimed to assess liver damage and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) blood expression as a consequence of embryonic signaling on maternal recognition of pregnancy in beef cattle presenting natural ingestion of Senecio spp. Epidemiological aspects, as the presence of the plant, associated to gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity can be used as Senecio spp. poisoning diagnosis. Maternal recognition of pregnancy period occurs when the embryo secretes interferon tau (IFNT) to signal its presence to the mother and eventually extend corpus luteum (CL) lifespan. In our study, liver damage was determined by concentration serum GGT, cytological and histopathological examinations. Reproductive status was evaluated by concentration of progesterone, CL diameter and ISG15 mRNA expression on Day 19 following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Cows were categorized into two groups based on concentration of GGT: Group 1 (GGT<30U/L) and 2 (GGT>31U/L). No difference on body condition scores was observed. All the cows presented liver damage based on cytology and histopathological exams. Cows from the Group 1 had higher pregnancy rate, presenting larger CL diameter and greater concentration of progesterone. Interestingly, ISG15 mRNA expression had no difference between Groups 1 and 2, even presenting difference in pregnancy status. These findings suggest embryonic loss beyond Day 19. It suggests late embryonic mortality may be associated to liver insufficiency. In conclusion, liver injury and/or concentration of GGT does not alter ISG15 expression on blood neutrophils, however cows presenting lower concentration of GGT (<30U/L) had increased pregnancy status. Therefore, the concentration of GGT allow us to screen liver status and foresee a successful pregnancy in beef cattle.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a lesão hepática e a expressão sanguínea do gene estimulado por interferon 15 (ISG15) durante a sinalização embrionária, no reconhecimento materno da gestação, em bovinos de corte apresentando ingestão natural de Senecio spp. Fatores epidemiológicos, como a presença da planta, associados à atividade da gama glutamil transferase (GGT) podem ser utilizados como diagnóstico da intoxicação por Senecio spp. O reconhecimento materno da gestação ocorre quando o embrião secreta interferon tau (IFNT) para sinalizar sua presença à mãe. Em nosso estudo, a lesão hepática foi determinada pela concentração sérica de GGT, pelos exames citológicos e histopatológicos. O estado reprodutivo foi avaliado pela concentração de progesterona, diâmetro de corpo lúteo (CL) e expressão de mRNA ISG15 no Dia 19 após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). As vacas foram separadas em dois grupos com base na concentração de GGT sanguíneo: Grupo 1 (GGT<30U/L) e Grupo 2 (GGT>31U/L). Não foi observada nenhuma diferença no escore de condição corporal entre os grupos. Na citologia e nos exames histopatológicos todas as vacas apresentaram lesão hepática. As vacas do Grupo 1 apresentaram maior taxa de prenhez, maior diâmetro do CL e maior concentração de progesterona. Diferente do esperado, a expressão do mRNA ISG15 não foi diferente entre os Grupos 1 e 2, mesmo apresentando diferença na taxa de prenhez. Esses achados sugerem perda embrionária após o Ddia 19. Isso demonstra que a mortalidade embrionária tardia pode estar associada à insuficiência hepática. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a lesão hepática e/ou concentração de GGT não altera a expressão de ISG15 nos neutrófilos sanguíneos, porém vacas com menor concentração de GGT (<30U/L) apresentaram maiores taxas de prenhez. Assim, a concentração de GGT nos permite avaliar a saúde hepática e prever uma gestação bem-sucedida em bovinos de corte.(AU)

Deciphering the functional role of EGR1 in Prostaglandin F2 alpha induced luteal regression applying CRISPR in corpus luteum of buffalo

BACKGROUND: PGF2α is essential for the induction of the corpus luteum regression which in turn reduces progesterone production. Early growth response (EGR) proteins are Cys2-His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that are strongly linked to cellular proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Rapid elevation of EGR1 was observed after luteolytic dose of PGF2α. EGR1 is involved in the transactivation of many genes, including TGFß1, which plays an important role during luteal regression. METHODS: The current study was conducted in buffalo luteal cells with the aim to better understand the role of EGR1 in transactivation of TGFß1 during PGF2α induced luteal regression. Luteal cells from mid stage corpus luteum of buffalo were cultured and treated with different doses of PGF2α for different time durations. Relative expression of mRNAs encoding for enzymes within the progesterone biosynthetic pathway (3ßHSD, CYP11A1 and StAR); Caspase 3; AKT were analyzed to confirm the occurrence of luteolytic event. To determine if EGR1 is involved in the PGF2α induced luteal regression via induction of TGFß1 expression, we knocked out the EGR1 gene by using CRISPR/Cas9. RESULT: The present experiment determined whether EGR1 protein expression in luteal cells was responsive to PGF2α treatment. Quantification of EGR1 and TGFß1 mRNA showed significant up regulation in luteal cells of buffalo at 12 h post PGF2α induction. In order to validate the role of PGF2α on stimulating the expression of TGFß1 by an EGR1 dependent mechanism we knocked out EGR1. The EGR1 ablated luteal cells were stimulated with PGF2α and it was observed that EGR1 KO did not modulate the PGF2α induced expression of TGFß1. In PGF2α treated EGR1 KO luteal cell, the mRNA expression of Caspase 3 was significantly increased compared to PGF2α treated wild type luteal cells maintained for 12 h. We also studied the influence of EGR1 on steroidogenesis. The EGR1 KO luteal cells with PGF2α treatment showed no substantial difference either in the progesterone concentration or in StAR mRNA expression with PGF2α-treated wild type luteal cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EGR1 signaling is not the only factor which plays a role in the regulation of PGF2α induced TGFß1 signaling for luteolysis.

Effect of the subdose of human chorionic gonadotropin applied in the Hou Hai acupoint on ovulation induction in mares / [Efeito da subdose de gonadotrofina coriônica humana aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai sobre a indução da ovulação em éguas]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an hCG sub dose applied at the Hou Hai acupoint on corpus luteum (CL) quality and ovulation induction in mares. Fifteen crossbred mares were distributed in randomized blocks and used in three periods with each period employed as the blocking factor in three treatments: T1 = 1500 IU of hCG via intravenous (IV); T2 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the false acupoint (IV); and T3 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the Hou Hai acupoint. Mean diameter of the CL, serum concentration of progesterone (P4), vascularization of the pre-ovulatory follicle and CL were evaluated. Females administered 450 IU of hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint exhibited greater ovulation rates (33.33%) 48h after induction; The minimum number of colored pixel (NCP) of the pre-ovulatory follicle of control females was superior (40.33) to that of mares administered 450 IU of hCG IV at the false acupoint (36.84) and similar to that of those administered hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint (39.31). Further, moderately positive correlations were found between the CL diameter and the P4 concentration on D8 (P<0.05). IV administration of 450 IU of hCG or at the Hou Hai acupoint was efficient at inducing ovulation and ensuring the quality of CL in mares.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma subdose de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai na qualidade do corpo lúteo (CL) e na indução da ovulação em éguas. Quinze éguas mestiças foram distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, sendo o período utilizado como fator de blocagem, em: T1 = 1500 UI de hCG por via intravenosa (IV); T2 = 450 UI de hCG aplicado no falso acuponto (IV) e T3 = 450 UI de hCG aplicada no acuponto Hou Hai. Avaliou-se diâmetro médio do CL, concentração sérica de progesterona (P4), vascularização do folículo pré-ovulatório e do CL. As fêmeas que receberam 450 UI de hCG no acuponto Hou Hai apresentaram maiores taxas de ovulação (33,33%) 48h após a indução. O número de pixels coloridos (NPC) mínimo do folículo pré-ovulatório das fêmeas do grupo controle foi superior (40,33) ao das éguas que receberam 450 UI de hCG IV no falso acuponto (36,84) e semelhante ao das éguas que receberam hCG no acuponto Hou Hai (39,31); correlações moderadamente positivas foram encontradas entre o diâmetro do CL e a concentração de P4, ambos no D8 (P <0,05). A administração IV de 450 UI de hCG ou no acuponto Hou Hai foi eficiente na indução da ovulação e na garantia da qualidade do CL nas éguas.(AU)

Condición corporal y reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto en vacas Holstein en Ecuador / Corporal condition and restart of the ovarian postpartum on Holstein cows in Ecuador

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la condición corporal al parto (CCP) en el reinicio de la actividad ovárica (RAO) posparto de la vaca Holstein en la región andina de Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se trabajaron 30 vacas. Se determinaron el momento de aparición del folículo dominante (FD), de ovulación y de actividad luteal; la duración del ciclo estral, el volumen del cuerpo lúteo (CL) y las concentraciones de progesterona (P4) en suero sanguíneo. Los estadígrafos descriptivos de las variables del RAO y sus indicadores se compararon según la CCP mediante una prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes. Se evaluó la asociación entre la CCP y el RAO posparto mediante un estudio caso control. Resultados. La duración del ciclo estral fue 23.10 días, el 46.67% de las vacas tuvo ciclos normales y el 53.33% ciclos anormales. El FD, la ovulación y la actividad luteal ocurrieron a los 16.63, 27.76 y 41.38 días posparto, respectivamente; antes (p<0.05) en vacas con CCP ≥ 3.5; en las que fueron mayores (p<0.05) el volumen del CL y las concentraciones de P4. La CCP se correlacionó (p<0.05) con los parámetros del RAO. Las vacas con CCP <3.5 puntos, tienen 10.50 veces más probabilidades de tener RAO tardío que las que tienen CCP ≥ de 3.5 puntos. Conclusiones. El RAO fue temprano, sobre el influyó la CCP, la que constituyó un factor de riesgo (p<0.05) para que las vacas tengan un RAO tardío.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the influence of corporal composition at delivery (CCD) on the ovarian postpartum restart (OPR) of the Holstein cow in the Andes Region in Ecuador. Materials and methods. 30 cows were produced. All of the following moments were determined: the appearing of the dominant follicle (DF), the ovulation and luteal activity; the duration of the estrous cycle, the volume of the luteum body (LC) and the progesterone concentrations (P4) on blood serum. Descriptive statisticians of the OPR variables and its indicators were compared according to the BC, by means of a t-Student test for independent samples. The relationship between the BC and the postpartum OPR through a case-control case was assessed. Results. The duration of the oestrous cycle was 23.10 days, 46.67% of the cows had regular cycles and 53.33% were abnormal cycles. The DF, the ovulation and the luteal activity were seen at 16.63, 27.76 and 41.38 after postpartum, respectively; before (p<0.05) on cows with BC ≥ 3.5; in which both the (p<0.05) and the volume of the LC and P4 concentrations were higher. The BC was correlated with (p<0.05) with the OPR parameters. The cows with <3.5 BC points, are 10.50 times more prompt to have a late OPR than those with a ≥ de 3.5 points BC. Conclusions. The OPR was early, BC had an influence on it, which constituted a major (p<0.05) risk factor on cows having a late OPR.

Reproductive biology, morphology, and morphometry of ovaries and oviducts of Trachemys scripta elegans in Brazilian Cerrado / Biologia reprodutiva, morfologia e morfometriade ovários e ovidutos de Trachemys scripta elegans no Cerrado Brasileiro

Although Trachemys scripta elegans is an exotic species popular as a pet in Brazil, studies on reproductive biology and capacity are non-existent in the Brazilian Cerrado. This study analyzed ovarian and oviduct characteristics and the egg production capacity of T. scripta elegans grown in this biome. The findings will associate with the size of the specimens and the sexual maturity, aiming at comparisons with native and exotic populations, as well as interspecific and contributing to the understanding of its impact on the invaded ecosystems and the establishment of eradication programs. Thus, 39 females had evaluated the body biometry and the morphology and morphometry of the ovaries and oviducts. G2 (N=20): with Class I (>5-10mm) follicles, with Class I and Class II (>10-fold) follicles, 25mm) and G3 (N=9) with Class I, Class II and Class III (>25mm) follicles. Analysis of variance, Scott-Knott's test, and Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in body biometry; in the mean gonadosomatic index and gonadal morphometry, only the width of the oviducts in the right antimer and the mass and width in the left antimer were higher in G3, the only one that presented eggs. There was positive and harmonic development between body mass, carapace, and plastron, and gonadal growth occurred concomitantly with body growth, indicating a higher reproductive potential and a positive relationship between the size of the litter and the female litter. The gonadosomatic index proved to be an excellent reproductive indicator, and the ovarian evaluation was a better indicator of sexual maturity than the maximum carapace length. Ovaries were irregular structures, without delimitation between the cortical and medullary regions and filled with vitelogenic follicles of different diameters, atresic follicles, and corpora lutea, which reflected the ovarian complexity of the species and the presence of follicular hierarchy. In the scarce stroma, two germinative beds were observed per ovary and the presence of gaps very close to the follicles and associated with the blood vessels. Analysis of gonadal tissue revealed three types of oocytes according to cytoplasmic characteristics: homogeneous, vesicular or vesicular in the cortex with apparent granules. Oviducts were functional and separated, joining only in the final portion to form the cloaca and subdivided into infundibulum, tuba, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. The structure of the uterine tube was composed of serosa, muscular and mucous, which was full of glands. The presence of eggs in the oviducts indicated that the specimens can reproduce in the Brazilian Cerrado. This study provides necessary and relevant information on the reproductive biology and capacity of T. scripta elegans in the Brazilian Cerrado and can contribute to the understanding of its impact on the invaded ecosystems and the establishment of eradication programs. The extraction of females with capacity can reduce the annual reproductive yield of the species and decrease its effect on local biodiversity.(AU)

Embora Trachemys scripta elegans seja uma espécie exótica popular como animal de estimação no Brasil, estudos sobre biologia e capacidade reprodutivas são inexistentes no Cerrado brasileiro. Este estudo analisou características ovarianas e do oviduto e a capacidade de produção de ovos em T. scripta elegans criadas neste bioma, correlacionando estes achados ao tamanho dos espécimes e a maturidade sexual, visando comparações com populações nativas e exóticas, bem como interespecíficas e contribuir para a compreensão de seu impacto nos ecossistemas invadidos e com o estabelecimento de programas de erradicação. Assim, 39 fêmeas tiveram avaliadas a biometria corporal e a morfologia e morfometria dos ovários e ovidutos. De acordo com o tamanho dos folículos ovarianos as fêmeas foram separadas em G1 (N= 10): com folículos Classe I (>5-10 mm), G2 (N= 20): com folículos Classe I e Classe II (>10-25 mm) e G3 (N= 9) com folículos Classe I, Classe II e Classe III (>25 mm). À análise de variância, teste de Scott-Knott e à análise de correlação de Pearson verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na biometria corporal; no índice gonadossomático médio e na morfometria gonadal, apenas a largura dos ovidutos no antímero direito e a massa e a largura no antímero esquerdo foram maiores no G3, o único que apresentou ovos. Houve desenvolvimento positivo e harmônico entre massa corporal, carapaça e plastrão e o crescimento gonadal ocorreu concomitante ao crescimento corporal, indicando maior potencial reprodutivo e relação positiva entre o tamanho da ninhada de ovos e o da fêmea. O índice gonadossomático mostrou-se um bom indicador reprodutivo e a avaliação ovariana um melhor indicador da maturidade sexual que o comprimento máximo da carapaça. Ovários foram estruturas irregulares, sem delimitação entre a região cortical e medular e repletos de folículos vitelogênicos de diferentes diâmetros, folículos atrésicos e corpos lúteos, que refletiram a complexidade ovariana da espécie e a presença de hierarquia folicular. No estroma escasso foram observados dois leitos germinativos por ovário e a presença de lacunas muito próximas aos folículos e associadas aos vasos sanguíneos. A análise do tecido gonadal revelou três tipos de oócitos de acordo com as características do citoplasma: homogêneo, vesicular ou vesicular no córtex com grânulos aparentes. Ovidutos eram funcionais e separados, unindo-se apenas na porção final para formar a cloaca e subdividiam-se em infundíbulo, tuba uterina, istmo, útero e vagina. A estrutura da tuba uterina era constituída de serosa, muscular e mucosa, a qual era repleta de glândulas. A presença de ovos nos ovidutos indicou que os espécimes podem se reproduzir no cerrado brasileiro. Este estudo fornece informações básicas e relevantes da biologia e capacidade reprodutivas de T. scripta elegans no Cerrado brasileiro e pode contribuir com a compreensão de seu impacto nos ecossistemas invadidos e com o estabelecimento de programas de erradicação, uma vez que a extração de fêmeas com capacidade reprodutiva pode contribuir com a diminuição do rendimento reprodutivo anual da espécie e diminuir seu efeito sobre a biodiversidade local.(AU)

Reproductive efficiency of nellore (Bos indicus) cows subject to both FTAI and homeopathic supplementation / Eficiência reprodutiva em vacas nelore (bos indicus) submetidas à IATF e a suplementação homeopática

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of homeopathic supplementation on both ovarian dynamics and conception rate in Nellore cows subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Cows (n = 150) were randomly distributed to the control (CG) and the homeopathy group (HG). The HG cows were supplemented with Pró-cio in the mineral salt for 60 days and both experimental groups were further subjected to FTAI. Cows were evaluated for ovarian dynamics (n = 16), progesterone (P4) concentration (n = 16), and conception rates (n = 150). Ovarian dynamics determined by ultrasonography and showed similar findings for CG and HG, respectively. Thus follicular diameter (8.7 ± 1.0 mm vs. 10.0 ± 0.8 mm), mean pre-ovulatory follicle volume (0.46 ± 0.15 mL vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 mL), and mean follicular growth (3.65 ± 1.41 mm vs. 4.60 ± 1.21 mm) did not differ between groups. Moreover, corpus luteum diameter was similar between groups (CG: 16.28 ± 0.7 mm vs. HG: 15.6 ± 0.8 mm; P > 0.05), although P4 levels did differ (CG: 2.55 ± 0.85 ng mL-1 vs. HG: 6.52 ± 1.19 ng mL-1; P < 0.05). The conception rate after FTAI was not affected by homeopathic supplementation (CG: 74.67 %, and did HG: 77.33 %; P > 0.05). In conclusion, the homeopathic supplementation Pró-cio increases P4 concentrations but does improve the reproductive efficiency of Nellore cows subject to FTAI.

O objetivo foi determinar o efeito da suplementação homeopática na dinâmica ovariana e taxa de concepção em vacas Nelore cows submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). As vacas (n = 150) foram distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos controle (GC) e grupo homeopático (GH). As vacas do GH foram suplementadas com Pró-cio® no sal mineral mineral por 60 dias. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à IATF. As vacas foram avaliadas quanto à dinâmica ovariana (n = 16), concentração de progesterona (P4; n = 16) e taxa de concepção (n = 150). A dinâmica ovarina foi determinada por ultra-sonografia e mostrou resultados semelhantes para o GC e o GH, respectivamente. Portanto, para diâmetro folicular (8,7 ± 1,0 mm vs. 10,0 ± 0,8 mm), volume médio do folículo pré-ovulatório (0,46 ± 0,15 mL vs. 0,61 ± 0,12 mL) e crescimento folicular médio (3,65 ± 1,41 mm vs. 4,60 ± 1,21 mm) não diferiram entre os grupos. Além disso, o diâmetro do corpo lúteo foi semelhante entre os grupos (CG: 16,28 ± 0,7 mm vs. HG: 15,6 ± 0,8 mm; P > 0.05), apesar dos níveis de P4 diferirem (CG: 2,55 ± 0,85 ng mL-1 vs. GH: 6,52 ± 1,19 ng mL-1; P < 0.05). A taxa de concepção após a IATF não foi afetada pela suplementação homeopática (GC:74.67 % vs. GH: 77.33 %; P > 0.05). Em conclusão, a suplementação homeopática com Pró-cio aumenta a concentração de P4 mas não melhora a eficiência reprodutiva de vacas Nelore cows submetidas à IATF.

Contribution of Tissue Hypoxia to Corpus Luteum Formation / 中国医学科学院学报

Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine organ that is formed and regressed during the female reproductive cycle.It is developed from the residual follicular tissue after ovulation,which is associated with the rapid angiogenesis.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is the most important stimulatory factor that regulates the luteal angiogenesis and also plays a key role during corpus luteum formation.VEGF is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1,which is a heterodimeric transcription factor consistent of HIF-1α and HIF-1β.The local hypoxia of ovary due to the ruptured follicle and the lack of new vascular networks induces HIF-1α expression and participates in the luteal formation through VEGF-dependent angiogenesis.The present article describes the functional and structural changes during the luteal formation from the local and hypoxic conditions immediately before and after ovulation,with an attempt to clarify the roles of hypoxia in luteal formation as well as ovarian physiology.

Vitamin C restores ovarian follicular reservation in a mouse model of aging / 대한해부학회지

Ovarian aging is related to the reduction of oocyte quality and ovarian follicles reservation leading to infertility. Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant which may counteract with adverse effects of aging in the ovary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of vitamin C on NMRI mice ovarian aging according to the stereological study. In this experimental study, 36 adult female mice (25–30 g) were divided into two groups: control and vitamin C. Vitamin C (150 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage for 33 weeks. Six animals of each group were sacrificed on week 8, 12, and 33, and right ovary samples were extracted for stereology analysis. Our data showed that the total volume of ovary, cortex, medulla and corpus luteum were significantly increased in vitamin C group in comparison to the control groups (P≤0.05). In addition, the total number of primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles as well as granulosa cells were improved in vitamin C group in compared to the control groups (P≤0.05). No significant difference was observed in total volume of oocytes in antral follicles between control and vitamin C groups. Our data showed that vitamin C could notably compensate undesirable effects of ovarian aging in a mouse model.

Poorly-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Impairs LH-LHCGR Signaling in the Ovaries and Decreases Female Fertility in Mice

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate how type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) affects the folliculogenesis and oocyte development, fertilization, and embryo development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted using two different mouse models of T1D, a genetic AKITA model and a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Ovarian function was assessed by gross observation, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, oocyte counting, and ELISA for serum hormones (insulin, anti-Mullerian hormone, estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone). Maturation and developmental competence of metaphase II oocytes from control and T1D animals was evaluated by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical detection of biomarkers and in vitro fertilization. RESULTS: Animals from both T1D models showed increased blood glucose levels, while only streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice showed reduced body weight. Folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and preimplantation embryogenesis were impaired in both T1D mouse models. Interestingly, exogenous streptozotocin injection to induce T1D led to marked decreases in ovary size, expression of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor in the ovaries, the number of corpora lutea per ovary, oocyte maturation, and serum progesterone levels. Both T1D models exhibited significantly reduced pre-implantation embryo quality compared with controls. There was no significant difference in embryo quality between STZ-injected and AKITA diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that T1D affects folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and embryo development in mice. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the observed reproductive effects of diabetes need to be further investigated.

Avaliação morfofuncional do corpo lúteo para diagnóstico precoce de gestação 20 dias após IATF em vacas mestiças leiteiras / Morphological evaluation of corpus luteum for the diagnosis of 20-day pregnancy after IATF in crossbred cows

A detecção superprecoce de gestação é de grande relevância quando se trata do aumento da produtividade dos rebanhos, na tentativa de redução do tempo de serviço desses animais. Por tal relevância, objetivou-se utilizar a ultrassonografia (US) Doppler como ferramenta para predição de gestação, avaliando a irrigação do corpo lúteo (CL), vinte dias após IATF. Setenta e três vacas mestiças foram avaliadas 20 dias após IATF por US transretal. Para obtenção do diâmetro do CL (DCL) e sua área (ACL) utilizou-se o modo B, na mensuração da área de vascularização (VCL) e seu percentual no CL (VCL%) empregou-se o Doppler Colorido. As imagens foram classificadas com base na quantidade de pixels coloridos e sua distribuição no CL, em dois grupos: diagnóstico preditivo negativo de gestação (DPN) e preditivo positivo (DPP). No mesmo dia, a funcionalidade do CL foi determinada pela concentração plasmática de P4. O diagnóstico de gestação definitivo foi realizado por US 35 dias após as IATFs. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student (com P<0,05) na avaliação das variáveis. Grupo gestantes apresentou médias superiores (P<0,05) para todas as variáveis ao Grupo Não Gestantes. O diagnóstico preditivo demonstrou 83,33% de especificidade, sensibilidade de 100% e acurácia de 91,79%. Conclui-se que a US doppler do CL aos 20 dias pós IATF é um método confiável no diagnóstico precoce de gestação.(AU)

The super early gestation detection is of great relevance considering the increase of the herds' productivity, in an attempt to reduce the time of service of these animals. Due to this relevance, this study aimed to use Doppler ultrasonography as a tool for gestation prediction, evaluating the luteal body (CL) irrigation twenty days after FTAI. 73 crossbred cows were evaluated 20 days after FTAI through trans rectal US. In order to obtain the diameter of the CL (DCL) and its area (ACL), B mode was used. The Color Doppler was applied to measure the vascularization area (CLV) and its percentage in the CL (VCL %). The images were classified, based on the number of colored pixels and their distribution in CL, in two groups: negative predictive diagnosis of gestation (NPD) and positive predictive value (PPV). On the same day, LC functionality was determined based on P4 plasma concentration. The definitive gestation diagnosis was confirmed through US 35 days after the FTAIs. Student's T test (with P<0.05) was used to evaluate the variables. Pregnant group presented higher averages (P<0.05) for all variables compared to the Non-Pregnant Group. The predictive diagnosis showed 83.33% of specificity, 100% of sensitivity and 91.79% of accuracy. The conclusion is that the US Doppler at 20 days post FTAI is a reliable method for early gestation diagnosis.(AU)

Induction of superovulation in mature mice and rats using serum of spayed female dogs / 한국실험동물학회지

The following experiments were designed to examine the effect of serum of spayed dogs on superovulation response in mice and rats. In Experiment 1, female mice at diestrus (n=30) were divided into three equal groups and superovulated with either administration of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) (reducing dose from 2.5 to 0.5 IU) and 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered intraperitoneally at a reduced dose from 0.1 to 0.025 mL in a 48 h period. In Experiment 2, female rats (n=30) at diestrus stage were divided into three equal groups. Superovulation was induced using either 30 IU PMSG, or a dose reduced from 5 to 1 IU rFSH and 25 IU hCG administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered in a reduced dose from 0.6 to 0.1 mL in a 48 hour period. Female mice and rats were mated 24 h following hCG administration. On day 14 after mating, animals were euthanized and ovarian sections were fixed for histopathological evaluation and corpus luteum (CL) counting. No significant difference observed in mean (±SEM) number of CLs between the PMSG group and the mice that received serum of spayed dog (10.4±1.3 vs 9.2±1.0). Mean (±SEM) number of CLs tended to be lower in rats that received serum of spayed dog than those of rats which received either PMSG or rFSH (15.1±1.9 vs 23.6±3.1 and 23.1±2.9, P=0.06, respectively). In conclusion, serum of spayed dogs is able to induce a superovulatory response in mice and rats.

Ultrasonographic ovarian dynamic, plasma progesterone, and non-esterified fatty acids in lame postpartum dairy cows

The objective of this study was to compare ovulation rate, number of large ovarian follicles, and concentrations of plasma progesterone (P4) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) between lame (n = 10) and non-lame (n = 10) lactating Holstein cows. The study was conducted in an organic dairy farm, and cows were evaluated by undertaking ultrasonography and blood sampling every 3 days from 30 days postpartum for a period of 34 days. Cows which became lame during the first 30 days postpartum experienced a lower ovulation rate determined by the presence of a corpus luteum (50% presence for lame cows and 100% for non-lame cows, p ≤ 0.05). The number of large ovarian follicles in the ovaries was 5 for lame cows and 7 for non-lame cows (p = 0.09). Compared to non-lame cows, lame cows had significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) concentrations of plasma P4. Furthermore, NEFA concentrations were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in lame cows than in non-lame cows. It is concluded that lameness in postpartum dairy cows is associated with ovulation failure and lower concentrations of P4 and NEFA.

Estudo da vascularização folicular e do corpo lúteo de éguas cíclicas tratadas com extrato de pituitária equina utilizando ultrassom Doppler colorido / Study of follicular and corpus luteum vascularization in mares treated with Equine Pituitary Extract using ultrasound color Doppler

Informações sobre a vascularização da parede folicular e do corpo lúteo equino, associadas à superovulação, são escassas. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito superovulatório do extrato de pituitária equina (EPE) no fluxo sanguíneo folicular e luteal, foram utilizadas seis éguas Puro Sangue Árabe, em dois ciclos estrais (controle e tratamento). As éguas foram monitoradas diariamente por ultrassonografia modo B, até que os folículos atingissem diâmetro de 23mm (desvio). No ciclo tratamento, as éguas receberam 8mg de EPE, uma vez ao dia, por via IM, até que dois ou mais folículos atingissem o diâmetro entre 32 e 35mm. A ovulação foi induzida com acetato de deslorelina, quando os folículos atingiram, no mínimo, 35mm. No momento do desvio folicular, da indução da ovulação e do último exame pré-ovulatório, foi utilizada a ultrassonografia modo B para medir o diâmetro dos folículos e, no oitavo dia pós-ovulação, para a área do corpo lúteo (CL). Utilizou-se também ultrassonografia com Doppler colorido para avaliar a perfusão sanguínea da parede folicular e do parênquima luteal. No ciclo controle, foi realizado o mesmo procedimento, exceto pelo uso do EPE. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, com nível de significância de 5%. Não foi observado efeito do EPE sobre o número de ovulações, o diâmetro dos folículos, a vascularização da parede folicular e a concentração sérica de estrógeno. Os animais, tratados ou não, apresentaram CLs funcionais, não havendo diferença na área do parênquima ou da vascularização luteal, nem na concentração sérica de progesterona, no oitavo dia após a ovulação. Foi observado que o EPE proporcionou um maior número de folículos subordinados no momento da indução da ovulação do folículo dominante (P ≤ 0,05). Embora esses folículos não tenham chegado a ovular, concluiu-se que o EPE atuou no crescimento de folículos, que podem ser utilizados em outras biotécnicas, como a transferência de oócitos, com maior aproveitamento da reserva folicular de ovários equinos.(AU)

Knowledge about follicle and corpus luteum vascularization associated with superovulation in mares is scarce. Aiming to evaluate the effect of equine pituitary extract (EPE) on superovulation, the experiment was conducted using six mares Purebred Arabian in two estrous cycles (control and treatment). The mares were synchronized, and monitored daily by ultrasound B mode until the follicles reached diameter ≤ 23 mm (deviation). In the treatment cycle, from the deviation, mares received 8 mg of EPE, once a day, intramuscularly, until two or more follicles reached a diameter between 32 and 35 mm. Ovulation was induced with deslorelin acetate when follicles reached at least 35 mm. At the time of follicular deviation, induction of ovulation and final preovulatory exam, it was used B-mode ultrasound to measure the diameter of follicles and on the eighth day after ovulation to measure the area of the corpus luteum (CL); color Doppler was also used to assess blood perfusion of the follicle wall and luteal parenchyma. In the control cycle was performed the same procedure except for the use of EPE. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, with 5% significance level. There was no effect of EPE on ovulation number, diameter of follicles, vascularity of the follicular wall and serum estrogen concentration. The animals treated or not, showed functional CLs, with no difference in parenchymal area or luteal vascularization, or in serum progesterone concentration on the eighth day after ovulation. It was observed that the EPE provided a greater number of subordinate follicles at the time of induction of ovulation of the dominant follicle. Although these follicles have failed to ovulate, it was concluded that EPE influenced the follicles growth, and it can be used in other biotechnologies, with greater utilization of equine ovarian follicular reserve.(AU)

Localization of Serum Amyloid A3 in the Mouse Ovary

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 among acute-phase proteins in mouse granulosa cells by activating NF-κB signaling via p55 TNF-α receptor type 1. However, the localization of SAA3 within the ovary is unknown. Here we investigated ovarian localization of SAA3 in a mouse ovulation model and in response to IL-1β, a proinflammatory mediator. For the ovulation model, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 2.5 IU) was administered to mice subcutaneously (sc) to stimulate follicular development on day 25 of age and then 50 h after eCG, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 2.5 IU) was administered sc to induce ovulation. The mouse ovulation model was characterized by the localization of CYP19 mRNA expression to granulosa layers of larger follicles. SAA3 mRNA, determined by in situ hybridization, was broadly expressed throughout the whole ovary. Granulosa layers and small follicles expressed higher SAA3 mRNA compared to thecal-interstitial layers and large follicles, respectively. Interestingly, atretic follicles contained cells expressing intense SAA3 mRNA. After ovulation, SAA3 mRNA expression was intensely evident in ruptured follicles and corpora lutea (CL). The intraperitoneal administration of IL-1β revealed the intense and extensive appearance of specific cells expressing SAA3 mRNA around follicles and in CL. In addition, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis supported expression pattern of SAA3 mRNA observed in mouse ovulation model. Taken together, SAA3 was broadly distributed through the whole ovary, but intensely expressed in atretic follicles and CL. Furthermore, proinflammatory mediators could trigger the intense appearance of SAA3 around follicles and in CL.

Morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of peccaries (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) throughout the estrous cycle / Morfologia e vascularização do corpo lúteo de catetos (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) ao longo do ciclo estral

The current paper characterizes the changes in morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of collared peccaries during the estrous cycle and correlates progesterone synthesis (P4). Twenty females were subjected to a treatment for estrus synchronization; an ear implant containing 1.5 mg of norgestomet was implanted on D0, whereas on D9 the peccaries received an IM injection of eCG 200UI and 50g of PGF2a. The animals were divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and euthanized on post-ovulation days 3, 12, 18 and 22. The ovaries were collected and the corpora lutea were measured and processed for histological and vascular density (Dv). Blood was collected for dosage of P4 serum. The morphology of the ovaries, the corpora lutea and P4 varied significantly during the estrous cycle (P<0.001). There was a significant co-relationship between weight and length of the ovaries and CL (r = 0.66, r = 0.52, P<0.05, respectively) and between weight, length and width of the CL and P4 (r = 0.51, r = 0.54 and r = 0.68, P<0.05, respectively). The luteal Dv was highly influenced by the estrous cycle phase (P<0.0001). The P4 and luteal Dv concentrations were higher in G2 and evidenced maximum secretory activity, with a highly significant correlation (P<0.0001). Assessed lutein parameters may estimate the phase of the estrous cycle in peccaries and the functional activity of the corpus luteum.

Objetivou-se caracterizar as variações na morfologia e vascularização do corpo lúteo (CL) de catetos durante ciclo estral (CE) e correlacioná-las com a concentração de progesterona (P4). Vinte fêmeas de cateto foram submetidas a tratamento de sincronização do estro; no D0 receberam implante auricular contendo 1,5mg de norgestomet, no D9 injeção via IM de 200UI de eCG e 50µg de PGF2α. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3 e G4) e eutanasiados nos dias três, 12, 18 e 22 pós-ovulação. Os ovários foram coletados e os CL foram mensurados e processados para avaliação histológica e da densidade vascular (Dv). O sangue foi coletado para dosagem da P4 sérica. A morfologia dos ovários, CL e a concentração de P4 variaram significativamente durante o CE (P<0,001). Houve correlação significativa entre peso e comprimento dos ovários e CL (r = 0,66, r = 0,52, P<0,05, respectivamente) e entre peso, comprimento e largura do CL e a concentração de P4 (r=0,51, r=0,54 e r=0,68; P<0,05, respectivamente). A Dv do CL se mostrou muito influenciada pela fase do CE (P<0,001) e apresentou alta correlação significativa (P< 0,001). No G2 os maiores valores de P4 e Dv confirmaram máxima atividade secretória do CL nesse estádio. Os parâmetros luteínicos avaliados podem ser usados para estimar a fase do ciclo estral em catetos e a atividade funcional do CL.

Effects of compound malt pills on expressions of ERα and ERβ in ovaries of rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of compound malt pills (CMP) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rat model induced by letrozole and the underlying mechanisms.
@*METHODS@#To establish a PCOS rat model, 48 female SD rats aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): A normal group, a model control group, a positive control group, a low-dose CMP group, a middle-dose CMP group, and a high-dose CMP group. Rats were treated for 21 days after the PCOS model was successfully established. Ovarian morphology changes were observed, and the expressions of ERα and ERβ was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.
@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the number of follicular cystic dilatation in the model control group was increased and the granulosa cells were decreased. After the treatment, the number of follicular cystic dilatation was reduced compared with the model control group, but the primordial follicles, corpus luteum and granulosa cells were increased. The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the model control group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), which were increased in the intervention groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
@*CONCLUSION@#CMP may play a role in the treatment of PCOS by regulating the expressions of ERα and ERβ.

Plasma pgfm and progesterone concentrations, luteolysis moment and estrous cycle length in Nelore cows submitted to uterine biopsies / Concentrações plasmáticas de pgfm e progesterona, luteólise e comprimento do ciclo estral em vacas Nelore submetidas à coleta de fragmentos endometriais

In this study, endometrial samples were collected in 14 Nelore cows on days zero (ovulation), five, nine, thirteen and nineteen of the estrous cycle (biopsy group), and in 15 females these collections weren't performed (control group). Biopsies were done on the uterine horn endometrium contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum. Blood samples were taken at -24, -16, -8, 0 +8, +16 and +24 hours in relation to progesterone drop (<1ng/mL, zero moment) and evaluated for 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma progesterone concentration was determined by RIA every 24 hours. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC GLM and MIXED of the SAS. The mean value for PGFM during the entire period evaluated was greater in the biopsy group. The mean concentration of PGFM at moment zero was not different between the groups; the mean concentration of PGFM was higher in the biopsy group before and after the drop in progesterone level. The maximum mean concentration observed was not different between the groups; however, the mean minimum concentration was different with high values in the biopsy group. Although the PGFM concentrations were higher in the biopsy group, the biopsy and control groups had similar length of estrous cycle showing that repeated endometrial biopsy on the side contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum does not affect luteolysis and the length of the estrous cycle.

No presente estudo, foram coletadas amostras endometriais de 14 vacas Nelore nos dias zero (dia da ovulação), cinco, nove, 13 e 19 do ciclo estral (grupo controle), e em 15 fêmeas essas coletas não foram realizadas (grupo controle). As biópsias foram realizadas no corno uterino contralateral ao ovário contendo o corpo lúteo. Amostras plasmáticas foram coletadas nos momentos -24, -16, -8, 0 +8, +16 e +24 horas em relação à queda de progesterona (<1ng/mL, momento zero) e avaliadas quanto à concentração de 13, 14-di-hidro-15-ceto prostaglandina F2-alpha (PGFM) por radioimunoensaio (RIA). As concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona foram avaliadas a cada 24 horas também por RIA. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA empregando-se PROC GLM e MIXED do SAS. O valor médio de PGFM durante todo o período avaliado foi maior no grupo biópsia. A concentração média de PGFM no momento zero não diferiu entre os grupos, e foi maior no grupo biópsia antes e após a queda de progesterona. A concentração máxima observada não foi diferente entre os grupos, porém a concentração mínima diferiu com maiores valores observados no grupo biópsia. Embora as concentrações de PGFM fossem maior no grupo biópsia, ambos os grupos apresentaram o mesmo comprimento do ciclo estral, demonstrando que a coleta repetitiva de biópsias endometriais no corno uterino contraletral ao ovário contendo o corpo lúteo não afeta a luteólise e o comprimento do ciclo estral.